Informed Consent

Informed consent is one of the most important principles in healthcare, research, and even relationships where decisions about autonomy and rights are involved. Despite its frequent use, many people still struggle with what it truly means and which statements about it are accurate. Let’s clear the confusion.

What Is Informed Consent?

It is the process by which a person is given clear, understandable information about a decision they are being asked to make—whether medical treatment, participation in research, or legal agreements—and then voluntarily agrees to it. It is not just a signed form; it is a process of communication.

The Four Key Elements

To determine which statement is correct about informed consent, remember these four essentials:

1. Disclosure of Information
   The individual must receive all relevant details about the procedure, risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential consequences.
2. Understanding
   The person must fully comprehend what has been explained. This means communication should be in plain language, avoiding unnecessary medical or legal jargon.
3. Voluntariness
   Consent must be given freely, without pressure, manipulation, or coercion.
4. Capacity
   The individual must have the legal and mental ability to make the decision.

Which Statement Is Correct About Informed Consent?

The correct statement is:

“Informed consent requires that a person is given adequate information, understands it, and voluntarily agrees before any procedure, treatment, or research begins.”

Other statements that would also be correct include:

• Informed consent is more than just signing a form—it is an ongoing conversation.
• Consent can be withdrawn at any time, even after initially being given.
• Informed consent respects a person’s autonomy and right to make decisions about their own body and life.

Why Is Informed Consent Important?

• Protects patient rights – ensuring individuals make decisions aligned with their values.
• Builds trust – transparency improves relationships between professionals and individuals.
• Prevents legal issues – proper consent protects healthcare providers, researchers, and organizations from liability.
• Empowers individuals – it promotes autonomy, dignity, and respect.

FAQs

1. Is verbal consent enough?

Yes, in some cases, verbal consent may be valid, but written consent provides stronger legal protection.

2. Can someone refuse treatment after giving consent?

Absolutely. Consent can be withdrawn at any stage.

3. Does signing a form automatically mean informed consent?

No. If the person did not understand the information or was pressured, it is not true informed consent.

4. Who cannot give consent?

Children, individuals with cognitive impairments, or anyone under duress cannot legally provide valid consent.